Aet of weaving double pile fabrics



(Specimens.)

' 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

A. HIND; ART OF WEAVING DOUBLE PILE FABRICS.

' No. 431,466. Patented July 1, 1890. F F

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(Specimens.\

3-Sheets -Sheet 3. A. HIND. ART OF WEAVING DOUBLE PILE FABRICS. No. 481,466.

Patented July 1, 1890.

t.) nvantor UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.-

ARTHUR HIND, OF 'WYKE, NEAR BRADFORD, COUNTY OF YORK, ENGLAND.

ART OF WEAVING DOUBLE PILE FABRICS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 431,466, dated July 1, 1890.

Application filed December 26, 1888. fierial No. 294,728. ($pecimens.) Patented in England March 14, 1888, No, 3,966.

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ARTHUR HINI), a subject of the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, and residing at IVyke, near Bradford, in the county of York, England,have invented certain Improvements in the Art of Weaving Double Pile Fabrics, (for which I have obtained provisional protection in Great Britain, No. 3,966, dated March 14,1888) of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to certain improvements in the weaving of that class of fabrics in which two pieces, one above the other and connected by intermediate pile, are woven at one and the same time, the pile being severed in the usual way to separate the two pieces.

It is well known that pile fabrics produced in plain looms in the usual way are liable to imperfections known in the trade as pilemarks. The cause of such pile-marksis somewhat obscure, but they seem to result in part from the use of an imperfect tappet rendered necessary by the essential requisite of a fast selvage.

The object of my invention is to produce a piece as free as possible from pile-marks, and with a fast selvage in a plain loom, which expression is herein used to mean a loom having only one shuttle.

Hitherto, in order to. produce a piece having such selvage and as free as possible from pile-marks, it has been necessary to use a boxloom having two shuttles, one for the top piece and one for the bottom piece. Such a loom is more costly in the first instance and has the constant disadvantage of the necessary Working at a lower speed, as compared with a plain loom. Another drawback to the use of a box-loom for the production of pile fabric is that it is a more complicated machine and therefore more liable to get out of order than a plain loom.

In order to accomplish my object I use a plain loom, and what is ordinarily known as a perfect tappetthat is to say, a tappet which weaves one pick in the top and one pieces; hence, the ordinary method of producing the selvage in a plain loom is at certain definite intervals to vary the alternate pick and pick by weaving two consecutive picks in the one piece and two consecutive picks in the other piece. This interferes with the regularity of the pile as above-mentioned.

I provide for the formation of the selvage in a totally different manner and in such a way as not to interfere with the regular alternate pick and pick in each piece. For this purpose I use extra healds for the outer part of the selvage, which healds are actuated by special tappets, thus producing a perfect selvage and avoiding pile-marks caused by the departure from the alternate pick and pick in the ordinary method. It will be seen that the selvages on the back of each piece woven on this plan are more like the selvage of an ordinary plain fabric, and on the face show a fringe or pile formed by as many threads of weft being cut as there are changes from one piece to the other at any point between the pile and outer part of the selvage.

Figure 1 represents a front View of such portions of a loom as are necessary to illustrate how my invention may be carried into effect, some of the levers operated by the perfect tappets being omitted. Fig. 2 is av side elevation of a perfect tappet and lever; Fig. 3, a side sectional elevation showing the position of the additional tappets for operating the healds for the selvage; Fig. 4, a plan of the loom below section-lines z z of Fig. 1; Fig. 5, a diagram representing a series of sections of consecutive pairs of picks, showing the course of the weft when weaving according to my improved process; Fig. 6, a diagram showing the corresponding positions of the main and extra healds, and Fig. 7, a section through the uncut fabric.

To the short shaft A, mounted in the framework B in the usual manner, I secure the requisite number of perfect tappets Othat is to say, tappets which weave one pick in the top piece and one pick in the bottom piece alternately, the said tappets 0 being driven by the spur-wheel E from the pinion F, secured on the ordinary driving-shaft G.

In order to provide perfect selvages at the extreme edges of both pieces, and to work the outer part of selvages differently and at the same time as the perfect tappets 0,1 employ extra healds H, operated in the following manner: \To two additional shafts J, I secure a number of tappets K, each of which shafts is caused to rotate by a spur-pinion M, in gear with wheel L, the former being, by preference, secured on What is commonly known as the bottom shaft N of the loom. For each additional tappet K, I mount in any convenient manner an ordinary treadle-lever P, provided with a runner Q, each lever be ing connected to extra healds H by links and the intermediary levers R. The upper portions of the healds H are connected at the top to springs S, secured to the top rail U of the loom, or in any other convenient manner, the said springs keeping the runners Q in contact with the tappets K.

The working of the above-described apparatus will be fully apparent by reference to Figs. 5 and 6, in which I illustrate an example of one style of makei. e.,a double plain cloth, which is in ordinary use for pile fabrics. Fig. 5 represents a series of sections through the fabric atright angles to the warpthreads, each section showing the course taken by the weft for each consecutive pair of picks.

The letters T and B indicate the top and bottom pieces of the fabric in each section, in all of which the pile-threads are removed for more clearly explaining my improved process of forming the selvages.

Fig. 6 represents the several positions of the respective healds, and therefore the position the corresponding warp-threads will occupyin order that the weft may be diverted from one piece to the other in the manner as indicated by the successive sections of consecutive picks shown by diagram Fig. 5. The positions of the selvage-healds, which extend from C to D on each side, are indicated by the figures 1 2 3, and 4*, and the groundhealds, which form the pieces from A to A and part of the selvages from A to D on each side, are indicated by Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, the first two figures in each case indicating the healds of the bottom piece and the other two the healds of the top piece, respectively.

The position of the selvage-healds with reference to wavy weft-line W are indicated by the plain lines, numbered as before mentioned, and the numbered horizontal lines between the vertical lines D D indicate the relative positions of the main healds to the additional healds 1 2 3 and 4 and show the successive positions which they occupy for a repeat.

The selvage-healds II are operated by the additional tappets K and levers P and R, the said healds carrying the warp-threads of the outer parts of the selvage from C toD on each side, the warp-threads of the inner part of the selvage from D to A on each side of the piece being carried by the main healds. The healds being operated so as to successively assume the positions indicated in diagram Fig. 6, it will be seen that about (say) midway between the pile-line A and the edge of the piece the weft-thread passes (owing to the position of the healds) from (say) the top piece (the healds of which are marked 4 3) through the shed of the outer portion of the bottom piece back again through the outer portion of the bottom piece, and then through the shed of the bottom piece, or vice versa, the course of the Weft-thread being, for instance, indicated by wavy line IV in Figs. 5 and 6.

It will be seen that by the operation of the extra healds, while alternate pick and pick is woven in the main or body portion of the fabric, at the same time consecutive picks are woven in the outer portions, so as to produce a fast selvage, the weft being passed from one piece to the other in the same pick, and so long as this essential characteristic is maintained the details of the repeat may be varied and the process may be adapted to the various kinds of pile fabrics for which it is suitable.

It will also be observed that the mechanism for operating the selvage-healds is capable of considerable modificationas, for example, dobbies, jacquards, and .other warp-regulating apparatus may be used without departure from the essentials of my invention.

It will be seen that when the double pile fabric described is. out, each half will have fast selvages with severed lengths of weftthreads whose ends terminate at points within the selvages, and alternate wefts at each edge of each cut pile fabric will extend out to the extreme edge and be carried back within the selvage again with the cut ends terminating, as I have said, at points within the selvage thus formed.

What I claim is 1. The method of weaving double pile fabrics on a plain loom, which consists in weaving alternate picks in the top and bottom pieces, and at the same time Weavingconsecutive picks in each of the outerportions of the pieces, so as to produce fast selvages, the selvage-healds being operated to divert the Weft from one piece to the other, substantially as described.

2. A cut pile fabric having fast selvages with severed lengths of weft-threads, whose ends terminate at points within the selvages, some of these lengths extending out to the extreme edges, but being carried back within the selvages, with the cut ends terminating there, all substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ARTHUR HIND.

Witnesses:

JOHN WAUGH, JNo. GILL. 

